Notholebias (Costa 2008) 4 Arten

Notholebias gen nov.

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Abstract

A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters indicates that Leptolebias Myers, 1952, a genus of small killifishes highly threatened with extinction, from Brazil, is paraphyletic. As a consequence, Leptolebias is restricted in this study to a well-supported clade that includes Leptolebias marmoratus (Ladiges, 1934), Leptolebias splendens (Myers, 1942), Leptolebias opalescens(Myers, 1942), and Leptolebias citrinipinnis (Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki, 1988), from the coastal plains of Rio de Janeiro, and Leptolebias aureoguttatus (Cruz, 1974) (herein redescribed, and for which a lectotype is designated) and Leptolebias itanhaensis sp. nov., from the coastal plains of São Paulo and Paraná, in southern Brazil.Leptolebias is diagnosed by three synapomorphies: a caudal fin that is longer than deep, a single anterior supraorbital neuromast, and dark pigmentation that does not extend to the distal portion of the dorsal fin in males. A key is provided for the identification of species of Leptolebias. Three species formerly placed in Leptolebias, Leptolebias minimus (Myers, 1942), Leptolebias fractifasciatus (Costa, 1988), and Leptolebias cruzi (Costa, 1988), are transferred to Notholebias gen. nov., which is hypothesized to be the sister group to the clade comprising Leptolebias, Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974, and Cynopoecilus Regan, 1912. Notholebias gen nov. is diagnosed by two synapomorphies: a narrow basihyal and the presence of iridescent bars on the caudal fin in males; and three features interpreted as plesiomorphic, but not occurring in Leptolebias, Campellolebias, or Cynopoecilus, the presence of dermosphenotic, well-developed contact organs on the pectoral fin in males, and an opercular region with red bars in males. ‘Leptolebias’leitaoi, a species from Bahia, in north-eastern Brazil, is considered as having an uncertain phylogenetic position, as all known preserved material is presently lost, and the species may be extinct. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, 

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 153, 147–160.

Notholebias cruzi (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1988)

Sistematica e Distribuçao do Complexo de espécies Cynolebias minimus (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), com a descriçao de duas espécies novas. Revta. Bras. Zool., 5 (4): 563, figs. 3, 4g-4i.

Type locality: near Barra de São João, Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro State, Brasil.

Notholebias fractifasciatus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1988)

Sistematica e Distribuçao do Complexo de espécies Cynolebias minimus (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), com a descriçao de duas espécies novas. Revta. Bras. Zool., 5 (4): 562, figs. 2, 4d-4f.

Type locality: near Inoã, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
 

Notholebias minimus (G. S. Myers, 1942) (Barredtail pearlfish)

Studies on South American Freshwater Fishes I. Stanford Ichthyological Bull., 2 (4): 109.

Type locality: along the road to Rio, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Itaquahy (today Itaguaí), state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Notholebias minimus "Seropedica"

Notholebias vermiculatus W. J. E. M. Costa & Amorim, 2013

Delimitation of cryptic species of Notholebias, a genus of seasonal miniature killifishes threatened with extinction from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1): 63-72.

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Notholebias, a genus of seasonal miniature killifishes from south-eastern Brazil, contains two species threatened with extinction, N. minimus and N. fractifasciatus, and one possibly extinct species N. cruzi. These species are mainly distinguishable by male colour patterns. Species limits were tested using a combination of morphological characters and phylogenetic trees derived from the analyses of 650 bp sequences comprising a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, taken from 16 specimens representing four populations along the whole geographic distribution of the genus, excluding the area inhabited by N. cruzi. The analysis supports a fourth species, N. vermiculatus, new species, as an exclusive lineage endemic to the Saquarema lagoon system, sister to N. fractifasciatus, from which it differs by details of the caudal fin colour pattern in males. The new species differs from other congeners analysed by 14 unique nucleotide substitutions, exhibiting genetic distances of 9.8- 11.5 %.

Notholebias vermiculatus