Hypsolebias adornatus (Costa, 2000)

Hypsolebias alternatus  (Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Hypsolebias antenori  (Tulipano, 1973)

Hypsolebias auratus  (Costa & Nielsen, 2000)

Hypsolebias brunoi  (Costa, 2003)

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎 (Abrantes, Ramos, Bento & Lima, 2023)

Hypsolebias caeruleus (Costa 2013)

Hypsolebias carlettoi  (Costa & Nielsen, 2004)

Hypsolebias coamazonicus (COSTA,  AMORIM and  BRAGANCA 2013)

Hypsolebias delucai (Costa, 2003)

Hypsolebias faouri (Britzke, Nielsen & Oliveira 2016)

Hypsolebias fasciatus (Costa & Brasil, 2006)

Hypsolebias flagellatus   (Costa, 2003)

Hypsolebias flammeus (Costa 1989)

Hypsolebias flavicaudatus  (Costa & Brasil, 1990)

Hypsolebias fulminantis (Costa & Brasil, 1993)

Hypsolebias gardneri (Costa, Amorim & Matos 2018)

Hypsolebias ghisolfii  (Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen, 1996)

Hypsolebias gibberatus  (Costa & Brasil, 2006)

Hypsolebias gilbertobrasili  (Costa, 2012)

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑎 (Abrantes, Ramos, Bento & Lima, 2023)

Hypsolebias guanambi  (Costa & Amorim, 2011)

Hypsolebias hamadryades (Costa, Amorim & Matos 2018)

Hypsolebias harmonicus  (Costa, 2010)

Hypsolebias hellneri  (Berkenkamp, 1993)

Hypsolebias heloplites  (Huber, 1981)     Synonym of Hypsolebias antenori

Hypsolebias igneus  (Costa, 2000)

Hypsolebias janaubensis  (Costa, 2006)

Hypsolebias longignatus (Costa 2008)

Hypsolebias lopesi (Nielsen, Shibatta, Suzart & Martín, 2010)

Hypsolebias lulai, Ramos, Nielsen, Abrantes, Lira & Costa, 2023

Hypsolebias macaubensis  (Costa & Suzart, 2006)

Hypsolebias magnificus (Costa & Brasil, 1991)

Hypsolebias marginatus (Costa & Brasil, 1996)

Hypsolebias martinsi (Britzke, Nielsen & Oliveira, 2016)

Hypsolebias mediopapillatus   (Costa, 2006)

Hypsolebias multiradiatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Hypsolebias nielseni (Costa, 2005)

Hypsolebias nitens (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Hypsolebias notatus   (Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990)

Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus (Costa, 2011)

Hypsolebias ocellatus  (Costa, Nielsen & Luca, 2001)

Hypsolebias picturatus (Costa, 2000)

Hypsolebias pterophyllus  (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Hypsolebias radiosus (Costa & Brasil, 2004)

Hypsolebias radiseriatus (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Hypsolebias rufus  (Costa, Nielsen & de Luca, 2001)

Hypsolebias sertanejo (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Hypsolebias shibattai (Nielsen, Martins, de Araujo & dos Reis Suzart, 2014)

Hypsolebias similis (Costa & Hellner, 1999)

Hypsolebias splendissimus (Costa, Amorim, Mattos 2018)

Hypsolebias stellatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Hypsolebias tocantinensis  (NIELSEN, CRUZ & BAPTISTA, 2012)

Hypsolebias trifasciatus (Nielsen, Martins, Medeiros, Origuela & Faour 2014)

Hypsolebias trilineatus :(Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Hypsolebias virgulatus  (COSTA & BRASIL, 2006)

Hypsolebias adornatus (Costa, 2000)

(Descrições de quatro novas espécies de peixes anuais do gênero Simponichthys (Cyprinodontifomes: Rivulidae) das bacias dos rios São Fransisco e Paraná, nordeste e centro do Brasil. Revista Aquarium 3(25):8-15

Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin, Brazil.

Hypsolebias alternatus  (Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Trois nouveaux Poissons annuels du Genre Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) du Bassin du Rio Sao Francisco, Brésil. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 21 (1-2): 7, fig. 4

Type locality: João Pinheiro (municipio, near Brasilândia, subseq.), near rio Paracatú (or Piracatu), rio São Francisco basin, 560 m altitude, Minas Gerais state, Brasil. 

Hypsolebias alternatus

Hypsolebias antenori  (Tulipano, 1973)

(Cynolebias antenori. Killie Notes, American Killifish Association, 6 (11), 23–24.)

Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebiasantenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil

RICARDO BRITZKE, DALTON T. B. NIELSEN, CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA

Abstract:

The Hypsolebias antenori species group comprises a monophyletic clade of annual fishes occurring in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. Most species of this group are found in the Rio São Francisco basin, but there are three species that inhabit small coastal basins. Hypsolebias faouri new species, is described from a temporary pool located near Rio Preto, a tributary of the Rio São Francisco, and Hypsolebias martinsi new species, is described from an annual pool near Rio Icaraizinho, a coastal drainage. Molecular data corroborates the monophyly of Hypsolebias and both new species.

Karyotype Patterns of Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): An Endangered Killifish of the Semiarid Region of Brazil 2014

Hypsolebias auratus  (Costa & Nielsen, 2000)

(Simpsonichthys auratus, a new annual Fish from the Rio Paracatu drainage, Sao Francisco basin, Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 11 (1): 8, fig. 1.)

Type locality: near rio Taboca, tributary of rio Paracatu, Lagoa Grande, Minas Gerais state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias auratus  "Lagoa Grande"

Hypsolebias brunoi  (Costa, 2003)

The Simpsonichthys flavicaudatus species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae): phylogenetic Relationships, taxonomic Revision and Biogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 14 (1) March: 55, fig. 13.

Type locality: near Vila Boa, ribeirao Canabrava floodplains, Goias state, central eastern Brasil. 

Hypsolebias brunoi "Vila-Boa NPCE BR-2008-09"

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑎 +𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎,  (Abrantes, Ramos, Bento & Lima, 2023)

INFO

Two beautiful new species of seasonal killifish are described from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil, 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑎 and 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎.

Paywall - https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5389.5.2

PDF available here - https://www.researchgate.net/.../376750616_Molecular...

The authors discuss the conservation status of these new species and how the São Francisco Interbasin Water transfer, and the agricultural and urban expansion in the semiarid may be adversely affecting these seasonal killifishes.

𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲

Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑖 species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

Abrantes, Y. G., Ramos, T. P. A., Bento, D. D. M., & Lima, S. M. Q. (2023). Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑖 species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 5389(5), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5389.5.2

𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑖 is a seasonal killifish considered to be broadly distributed along the Caatinga’s basins of northeastern Brazil, with records in the coastal drainages of the rio Pacoti, rio Jaguaribe, córrego Virgílio and rio Apodi-Mossoró basins. Based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, it was possible to diagnose two new species and restrict 𝐻. 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑖 to the rio Jaguaribe basin.

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑎 new species is described from a temporary pool in the rio Pacoti basin in Ceará State, in syntopy with the species threatened 𝐻. 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠. 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎 new species occurs in the floodplains of the rio Apodi-Mossoró basin and in the córrego Virgílio microbasin in the Furna Feia National Park, in Rio Grande do Norte State.

We also discuss the conservation status of these new species and how the São Francisco Interbasin Water transfer, and the agricultural and urban expansion in the semiarid may be adversely affecting these seasonal killifishes.

𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁

Top - 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑎 new species, MNRJ 54900, male, holotype, 44.8 mm SL: Brazil, Ceará, Aquiraz, rio Pacoti basin.

Bottom - 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎 new species, MZUSP 129608, male, paratype, 38.6 mm SL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Baraúna, Furna Feia National Park.

Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published in Zootaxa journal.

Hypsolebias caeruleus (Costa 2013)

(Hypsolebias caeruleus, a new seasonal killifish of the Hypsolebias adornatus complex from the Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil, São Francisco River basin. Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Zusammenfassung:

Hypsolebias trifasciatus n. sp. wird von einem zeitbegrenzten Tümpel am linken U fer des Rio P reto beschrieben, der als Nebenfluss zum Einzugsgebiet des Rio São Francisco gehört. Es handelt sich um die erste Art des H.-adornatus-Komplexes, die in einem Nebenfluss nachgewiesen wurde, und nicht im Hauptstrom des Rio São F rancisco. Diese neue Art unterscheidet sich v on den übrigen Hypsolebias-Arten – mit Ausnahme derjenigen, die zum H.-adornatus-Komplex gehören – durch eine hohe Zahl von Rückenflossenstrahlen (27-28) und folglich eine große Länge der Rückenflossenbasis, die deutlich vor der Körpermitte beginnt, noch vor einer Senkrechten über der B auchflosse. Von den anderen Arten des H.-adornatus-Komplexes unterscheidet sich die neue Art durch das F arbmuster der After flosse, auf der sich in Längsrichtung drei gelbe und drei schwarze Streifen abwechseln (im Vergleich dazu gibt es bei H. lopesi 2 unauffällige gelbe Streifen und 2-3 graue S treifen, während bei den anderen Arten des H.-adornatus-Komplexes Streifen sogar ganz fehlen). Weiterhin zeigen die Männchen der neuen Ar t ein unverkennbares Muster auf der Rückenflosse: zwei Gruppen mit 3-4 unregelmäßig geformten großen gelben Flecken (bei den übrigen Hypsolebias-Arten der H.-adornatus-Gruppe fehlt ein solches Muster ganz).

Hypsolebias carlettoi  (Costa & Nielsen, 2004)

(Simpsonichthys carlettoi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) a new annual Fish from the Rio Sao Francisco basin, north-eastern Brazil. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 8 (3): 126, figs. 1-3.)

Type locality: near Guanambi, off the road to Malhada, Bahia state, northeastern Brasil, altitude about 500 m. 

Hypsolebias coamazonicus (COSTA,  AMORIM and  BRAGANCA 2013)

Species limits and phylogenetic relationships of red-finned cryptic species of the seasonal killifish genus Hypsolebias from the Brazilian semi-arid Caatinga (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Abstract:

Members of the Hypsolebias antenori species group comprise a diverse clade of morphologically similar seasonal killifishes occurring in a vast region of the semi-arid savannah of northeastern Brazil. The present paper focuses on an assemblage of three allopatric cryptic species (H. antenorifrom isolated coastal river drainages, Hypsolebias igneus from the São Francisco River basin and Hypsolebias coamazonicus sp. nov. from the Parnaíba River basin) sharing almost identical colour patterns, including the presence of an orangish red anal fin in males, thus herein named as the red-finned assemblage. A tree-based approach using mt-DNA (cytochrome b) supports delimitation of all three species, but indicates that the red-finned assemblage is paraphyletic – H. igneus and H. coamazonicus are closely related to Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus, whereas H. antenoriis the sister group to a clade comprising all 13 species of the H. antenori group included in the analysis. Morphological characters are useful to diagnose species, but are not informative for most clades highly supported by molecular data. H. coamazonicus is distinguished from all other congeners by the possession of a dark grey or black stripe on the dorsal fin in males. The basal position of H. antenori is related to uplift episodes involving the Araripe-Borborema plateau during the Miocene, which isolated the coastal area inhabited by H. antenori from the remaining areas of the Caatinga. The sister group relationship between H. igneus and H. coamazonicus is attributed to a past connection between the São Francisco and Paranaíba River until the Tertiary.

Hypsolebias delucai (Costa, 2003)

The Simpsonichthys flavicaudatus species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae): phylogenetic Relationships, taxonomic Revision and Biogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 14 (1) March: 49, fig. 9.

Type locality: near Urucuia, rio Urucuia floodplains, Minas Gerais state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias faouri (Britzke, Nielsen & Oliveira 2016)

A new species from the Hypsolebias antenori group, Hypsolebias faouri, has been described from a temporary pool located near Rio Preto, a tributary of the Rio São Francisco, Bahía State, Brazil.

Abstract:

The Hypsolebias antenori species group comprises a monophyletic clade of annual fishes occurring in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. Most species of this group are found in the Rio São Francisco basin, but there are three species that inhabit small coastal basins. Hypsolebias faouri new species, is described from a temporary pool located near Rio Preto, a tributary of the Rio São Francisco, and Hypsolebias martinsi new species, is described from an annual pool near Rio Icaraizinho, a coastal drainage. Molecular data corroborates the monophyly of Hypsolebias and both new species.

Hypsolebias faouri

Hypsolebias fasciatus "Unai NP 2003/07"

Hypsolebias flagellatus   (Costa, 2003) 

The Simpsonichthys flavicaudatus species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae): phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic revision and biogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 14(1):31-60.  

Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin, Brazil.

Hypsolebias  flagellatus  "Jaiba"

Hypsolebias flammeus (Costa 1989)

Redescriçao do gênero Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), com a Descriçao de uma nova Especie da Bacia do Rio Tocantins. Comunicaçoes de Museu de Ciências, Pontifica Univ. Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2 (9): 185, fig. 1.

Type locality: junction of rio Bezerra and rio Paraná, municipio de Arraias, 450 m altitude, Tocantins state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias flavicaudatus (Costa & Brasil, 1990)

Description of two new annual Fishes of the Genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) from the Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 1 (1): 18, figs. 4-5.

Type locality: surroundings of Lagoa Grande, county of Santa Maria da Boa Vista (altitude: 300 m), Pernambuco state, (northeastern) Brasil.

Hypsolebias fulminantis (Costa & Brasil, 1993)

Two new Species of Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil, with Notes on Phylogeny and Biogeography of annual Fishes. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 4 (3): 194, figs. 1-2.

Type locality: near Guanambi, Estado da Bahia, Brasil.

Hypsolebias fulminantes

 Hypsolebias gardneri  (Costa, Amorim & Matos 2018)

 Hypsolebias hamadryades (Costa, Amorim & Matos 2018)

(Cryptic species diversity in the Hypsolebias magnificus complex, a clade of endangered seasonal killifishes from the São Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)

 Abstract:

A great diversity of animal species adapted to life in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, including seasonal killifishes, has been reported in the last three decades. More recently, field and molecular data have shown a high occurrence of cryptic species. The killifish group herein analysed, the Hypsolebiasmagnificus species complex, is endemic to the middle and southern portion of the Caatinga, occupying about 120 km along the floodplains of the middle São Francisco River and some adjacent tributaries. Species of this complex are rare and presently considered threatened with extinction, being uniquely found in pools protected by trees and bushes. Single-locus delimitation methods were used to test species limits of populations displaying different colour patterns along the whole distribution of the complex. All analyses consistently supported the three nominal species and two new, herein described: H. gardneri Costa, sp. n., from the floodplains of the middle São Francisco River and H. hamadryades Costa, sp. n., from the Gorotuba River floodplains. The phylogenetic analysis highly supports H. hamadryades as sister to a clade comprising H. gardneri and H. harmonicus. Our field observations suggest that H. hamadryades is a miniature species. This study indicates that the H. magnificus complex comprises cryptic species apparently endemic to small areas and extremely vulnerable to environmental changes, deserving high concern.

INFO

Hypsolebias gardneri "Malhada"

Hypsolebias ghisolfii  (Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen, 1996)

Description d'une nouvelle Espèce de Poisson annuel du Genre Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) du Bassin du Rio San Francisco, Brésil. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 23 (1-2), Juin: 18, figs. 1-3.

Type locality: Guanambi (rio das Ras basin), Bahia state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias gibberatus  (Costa & Brasil, 2006)

Three new species of the seasonal killifish genus Simpsonichthys, subgenus Hypsolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Paracatu drainage, rio Sao Francisco basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1244: 50, fig; 6-7.

Distribution: South America: Rio Paracatu drainage of the Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil.

Hypsolebias gilbertobrasili  (Costa, 2012)

Species delimitation in annual killifishes from the Brazilian Caatinga, the Hypsolebias flavicaudatus complex (Cypriniformes: Rivulidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(1):71-91.

Distribution: South America: Seasonal swamp, middle São Francisco River basin in Brazil.

Hypsolebias guanambi  (Costa & Amorim, 2011)

A new annual killifish species of the Hypsolebias flavicaudatus complex from the São Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Vertebr. Zool. 61(1):99-104.

Hypsolebias harmonicus  (Costa, 2010)

(Simpsonichthys harmonicus, a new seasonal killifish from the Sao Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 21 (1): 73-78, 2 figs., 1 tab.

Abstract:

Simpsonichthys harmonicus, new species, is described from the left floodplains of the middle São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil. It is considered to be closely related to S. magnificus and S. picturatus, also endemic to the middle São Francisco River basin, by all possessing a combination of apomorphic states of morphological characters in males, including red pectoral fin, narrow black stripe on the distal margin of the unpaired fins and the ventral margin of the pectoral fin, dorsal and anal fin extremity approximately rounded, without filamentous rays. The new species is distinguished from S. magnificus and S. picturatus by the combination of pectoral fin reaching a vertical between bases of the fourth and fifth anal-fin rays in males; 21-22 caudal-fin rays; caudal fin length 31.2-33.2 % SL in males; pre-pelvic length 44.2-47.6 % SL in males; 5-7 transverse rows of dots on dorsal fin, 6-8 on anal fin, and 6-8 on caudal fin; blue stripes on the distal portion of the dorsal fin in males; and, 13-16 bars on the flank in females

Hypsolebias hellneri "NHvdBB 2013/8"

Hypsolebias igneus  (Costa, 2000)

Descriçoes de quatro novas espécies de peixes annuais do gênero Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) das Bacias dos Rios Sao Francisco e Parana, nordeste e centro do Brasil. Revista Aquarium, 3 (25):10, figs. 3-4.

Type locality: Igarité (22 km north of the village, subseq.), rio Sao Francisco basin, Bahia state, Brasil (altitude 433 m). 

Hypsolebias janaubensis  (Costa, 2006)

Costa, W.J.E.M. 2006. Three new species of serasonal Killifishes of the Simpsonichthys antenori species Group (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Rio Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1306: 27, figs. 1-2.

Hypsolebias longignatus (Costa 2008)

(Simpsonichthys longignatus, a new seasonal killifish of the S. flammeus group from the Pacoti River basin, northeastern Brazil. Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 155-159, 2 figs., 1 tab., June 2008)

Abstract:

Simpsonichthys longignatus, new species, from the Pacoti River basin, an isolated coastal drainage of northeastern Brazil, is described. It is considered to be closely related to three species of the Tocantins River basin, S. multiradiatus, S. flammeus and S. brunoi, by all possessing bright blue anal fin in males and concave dorsal profile of head. It differs from those three species by having black spots on the anterior part of the dorsal fin and transverse series of small blue spots on the caudal fin in males. It is also distinguished by some features in combination, including numerous dorsal-fin rays in males, absence of long filaments on the dorsal and anal fins, and few neuromasts on supraorbital, infraorbital, preopercular and mandibular series. 

Hypsolebias longignatus "Aquiraz 2010-04"

Hypsolebias lopesi (Nielsen, Shibatta, Suzart & Martín, 2010)

A new species of Simpsonichthys(Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2452:51-58.

Hypsolebias lulai, Ramos, Nielsen, Abrantes, Lira & Costa, 2023

A new species of cloud fish of the genus Hypsolebias from Northeast Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Neotropical Ichthyology, 21 (3): https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0068

Abstract

A new species of cloud fish of the genus Hypsolebias is described from a temporary pool in the rio Trairi basin, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. It is the first record of the genus Hypsolebias for the basin. The new speciesbelongs to the H. flammeus species-group, which is composed of the species H. alternatus, H. brunoi, H. delucai, H. fasciatus, H. longignatus, H. marginatus, H. multiradiatus, and H. flammeus. The new species differs from all other species of the group, except H. flammeus, H. multiradiatus,and H. brunoi, by male color pattern and the presence of a metallic blue sheen surrounding the black spots of females. It differs from H. flammeus, H. multiradiatus and H. brunoi by dorsal and anal fin shape (both rounded vs. pointed) and by the orientation of the reddish-brown bars on the body and anal fin of males (diagonal vs. vertical). The new species differs from its congeners of Northeast Brazil mainly by the higher number of dorsal fin rays in males and the higher number of scales in the longitudinal series.

Hypsolebias macaubensis  (Costa & Suzart, 2006)

Three new species of seasonal killifishes of the Simpsonichthys antenori species group (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 1306: 25–39

Abstract:

Three new species of the Simpsonichthys antenori group from the upper sections of eastern drainages of the middle rio São Francisco, serra do Espinhaço, are described. Simpsonichthys janaubensis, new species, from the rio Gorutuba floodplains, upper rio Verde Grande drainage, shares a derived color pattern of anal fin in males with S. flavicaudatus and S. flagellatus, but differs from them in having a more slender body, a shorter anal-fin base, and a distinctive color pattern of the dorsal fin in males. Simpsonichthys mediopapillatus, new species, from the rio São Domingos drainage, a part of the upper rio Verde Grande drainage, is similar to S. ghisolfii in having a long urogenital papilla and a light orangish-yellow subdistal stripe on the anal fin in males, and it is distinguished from all congeners in having a median neuromast on the posterior rostral series. Simpsonichthys macaubensis, new species, from the upper rio Paramirim drainage, differs from other species of the S. antenori group by a combination of features, including presence of contact organs on the flank in males, dorsal and anal-fin filaments reaching central portion of caudal fin in males, urogenital papilla short in males, and anal fin yellow, with a distal black stripe and iridescent dots over the entire fin in males. A key for identification of species of the S. antenori group is provided.

Hypsolebias magnificus (Costa & Brasil, 1991)

Three new Species of Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil. Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 2 (1): 59, figs. 5-6

Type locality: right bank plain of the rio São Francisco, ca. 1 km from the river channel, county of Manga, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Hypsolebias marginatus

Hypsolebias martinsi (Britzke, Nielsen & Oliveira, 2016)

Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil.

Zootaxa. 2016 May 23;4114(2)

Abstract:

The Hypsolebias antenori species group comprises a monophyletic clade of annual fishes occurring in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. Most species of this group are found in the Rio São Francisco basin, but there are three species that inhabit small coastal basins. Hypsolebias faouri new species, is described from a temporary pool located near Rio Preto, a tributary of the Rio São Francisco, and Hypsolebias martinsi new species, is described from an annual pool near Rio Icaraizinho, a coastal drainage. Molecular data corroborates the monophyly of Hypsolebias and both new species.

Hypsolebias mediopapillatus   (Costa, 2006)

Three new species of seasonal Killifishes of the Simpsonichthys antenori species Group (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Sao Francisco Basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1306: 30, figs. 4-6.

Hypsolebias mediopapillatus "Pindaí"

Hypsolebias multiradiatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Un nouveau Poisson annuel du Genre Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) du Bassin du Rio Tocantins, Brésil. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 21 (1-2): 1, figs. 1-2.

Type locality: Brejinho de Nazare, Tocantins state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias nielseni (Costa, 2005)

Simpsonichthys nielseni sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new annual Killifish from the São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1039: 58, fig. 1 & 2.

Type locality: Pirapora, São Francisco River floodplains, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, altitude 500 m.

Hypsolebias nitens (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Species delimitation in annual killifishes from the Brazilian Caatinga, the Hypsolebias flavicaudatus complex (Cypriniformes: Rivulidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(1):71-91.

Hypsolebias notatus   (Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990)

Description de deux nouvelles Espèces du Genre Cynolebias du Bassin du Rio Tocantins. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 17 (1): 10, figs. 1-2.

Type locality: municipio de Alvorada do Norte, Goiás state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus (Costa, 2011)

Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus, a new seasonal killifish from the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, Itapicuru River basin (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 221-226, 5 figs., 1 tab., September 2011

Abstract:

Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus, new species, is described from the semi-arid Caatinga area of northeastern Brazil, upper Itapicuru River basin. It is a member of the H. antenori species group, differing from all other species of this group by having a rudimentary squamation on the supra-orbital region, a unique color pattern on the caudal fin in males consisting of white dots arranged in transverse rows, 14 scale rows around the caudal peduncle, the dorsal fin slightly more posteriorly placed in males and the basihyal bone narrow.

Hypsolebias ocellatus  (Costa, Nielsen & Luca, 2001)

Quatro novos Rivulideos annuais do gênero Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes) das Bacias dos Rios Sao Francisco e Pardo, Brasil. Revista Aquarium, 4 (26): 25, fig.

Type locality: Itaobim, near rio Jequitinhonha, road BR-367, Minas Gerais state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias picturatus (Costa, 2000)

Descriçoes de quatro novas espécies de peixes annuais do gênero Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) das Bacias dos Rios Sao Francisco e Parana, nordeste e centro do Brasil. Revista Aquarium, 3 (25): 12, figs. 5-6.

Type locality: Volta das Pedras, rio Sao Francisco basin, Bahia state, Brasil. 

Hypsolebias pterophyllus  (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Species delimitation in annual killifishes from the Brazilian Caatinga, the Hypsolebias flavicaudatus complex (Cypriniformes: Rivulidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(1):71-91.

Hypsolebias radiosus (Costa & Brasil, 2004)

Simpsonichthys radiosus sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new annual Killifish from the upper Rio Tocantins Basin, central Brazil. Zootaxa, 737: 2, figs. 1-2.

Type locality: Formosa, Rio Crixás floodplains, about 6 km from the confluence with Rio Paranã, Estado de Goiás, (central) Brasil, altitude 800 m. 

Hypsolebias radiosus "HVP 15-2017"

Hypsolebias radiseriatus (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Species delimitation in annual killifishes from the Brazilian Caatinga, the Hypsolebias flavicaudatus complex (Cypriniformes: Rivulidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(1):71-91.

Distribution: South America: floodplains of Verde Grande River, São Francisco River basin in Brazil.

Hypsolebias rufus  (Costa, Nielsen & de Luca, 2001)

Quatro novos rivulideos anuais do gênero Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes) das bacias dos rios São Francisco e Pardo, Brasil. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 4(26):24-31.

Hypsolebias sertanejo (Costa,  Amorim and Mattos 2012)

Species delimitation in annual killifishes from the Brazilian Caatinga, the Hypsolebias flavicaudatus complex (Cypriniformes: Rivulidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(1):71-91.

Hypsolebias shibattai (Nielsen, Martins, de Araujo & dos Reis Suzart, 2014)

Hypsolebias shibattai, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil

Zusammenfassung:

Beschrieben wird Hypsolebias shibattai n. sp. von einem zeitlich begrenzten Tümpel im Becken des Rio São Francisco, im Bundesstaat Bahia, Brasilien. Hypsolebias shibattai gehört zu der H.-magnificus-Artengruppe. Die neue Art unterscheidet sich von allen anderen Hypsolebias-Arten durch die einzigartige Farbgebung der Männchen: ein Goldgelb auf Kopf, Kiemendeckelbereich und Rumpf bis hin zum Anfang der Rückenflosse (während bei den anderen Arten die goldgelbe Farbe im vorderen Bereich des Körpers fehlt). 

Hypsolebias similis (Costa & Hellner, 1999)

Simpsonichthys similis (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), une nouvelle Espèce de Poisson annuel du Bassin du Rio Sao Francisco, Brésil. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 25 (1998), (3-4): 90, fig.

Type locality: near Urucuia, road to Sao Romano, Urucuia basin, Minas Gerais state, Brasil.

Hypsolebias splendissimus (Costa, Amorim, Mattos 2018)

Diversity and conservation of seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias fulminantis complex from a Caatinga semiarid upland plateau, São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)   Wilson J.E.M. Costa, Pedro F. Amorim, José Leonardo O. Mattos

Abstract:

A high concentration of endemic species of seasonal killifishes has been recorded for a small area encompassing the highland plateaus associated with the upper section of the Carnaúba de Dentro River drainage and adjacent drainages of the middle section of the São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil. The present study is primarily directed to the taxonomy of the H. fulminantis species complex in this region, and describes habitat decline and extirpation of natural killifish populations recorded in field studies between 1993 and 2017. Both morphological characters and molecular species delimitation methods using single-locus models (GMYC and bPTP) support recognition of two closely related endemic species, H. fulminantis and H. splendissimus Costa, sp. n. The new species is distinguished from other congeners of the H. fulminantis complex by having a red pectoral fin in males, well-developed filamentous rays on the tips of the dorsal and anal fins in adult males, and the second proximal radial of the dorsal fin between the neural spines of the 8th and 9th vertebrae in males. Most recent field inventories indicated possible local extinction of populations of H. fulminantis and H. splendissimus in the studied area, but additional field studies should be made in other parts of the upper Carnaíba de Dentro River basin to evaluate the current conservation status of these species.

Info

Hypsolebias stellatus

Hypsolebias tocantinensis "TT"

 Hypsolebias trifasciatus (Nielsen, Martins, Medeiros, Origuela & Faour 2014)

Hypsolebias trifasciatus, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Preto, rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil

aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Received: 07 May 2014 – Accepted: 13 July 2014

Zusammenfassung:

Hypsolebias trifasciatus n. sp. wird von einem zeitbegrenzten Tümpel am linken U fer des Rio P reto beschrieben, der als Nebenfluss zum Einzugsgebiet des Rio São Francisco gehört. Es handelt sich um die erste Art des H.-adornatus-Komplexes, die in einem Nebenfluss nachgewiesen wurde, und nicht im Hauptstrom des Rio São F rancisco. Diese neue Art unterscheidet sich v on den übrigen Hypsolebias-Arten – mit Ausnahme derjenigen, die zum H.-adornatus-Komplex gehören – durch eine hohe Zahl von Rückenflossenstrahlen (27-28) und folglich eine große Länge der Rückenflossenbasis, die deutlich vor der Körpermitte beginnt, noch vor einer Senkrechten über der B auchflosse. Von den anderen Arten des H.-adornatus-Komplexes unterscheidet sich die neue Art durch das F arbmuster der After flosse, auf der sich in Längsrichtung drei gelbe und drei schwarze Streifen abwechseln (im Vergleich dazu gibt es bei H. lopesi 2 unauffällige gelbe Streifen und 2-3 graue S treifen, während bei den anderen Arten des H.-adornatus-Komplexes Streifen sogar ganz fehlen). Weiterhin zeigen die Männchen der neuen Ar t ein unverkennbares Muster auf der Rückenflosse: zwei Gruppen mit 3-4 unregelmäßig geformten großen gelben Flecken (bei den übrigen Hypsolebias-Arten der H.-adornatus-Gruppe fehlt ein solches Muster ganz). 

Hypsolebias trilineatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)

Trois nouveaux Poissons annuels du Genre Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) du Bassin du Rio Sao Francisco, Brésil. Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 21 (1-2): 8, fig. 5.

Type locality: João Pinheiro, near rio Paracatú, rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais State, Brasil.

Hypsolebias virgulatus  (COSTA & BRASIL, 2006)

Three new species of the seasonal killifish genus Simpsonichthys, subgenus Hypsolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Paracatu drainage, rio Sao Francisco basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1244: 43, fig. 1-2.

Distribution: South America: Rio Paracatu drainage of the Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil.

Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) Costa 2006

 Info

Structures of the external morphology and skeleton of the annual fish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic relationships among all included species of both genera and other cynolebiatins are estimated, based on 116 morphological characters in a total of 50 terminal taxa. Nematolebias is hypothesized to be the sister group of a clade including Simpsonichthys, Austrolebias, Megalebias, and Cynolebias, which is diagnosed by ventral portion of mesopterygoid not overlapping quadrate, third neural spine approximately as wide as fourth neural spine, ventral condyle of coracoid narrow, scales slightly extending over anal-fin base, loss of vomerine teeth, loss of neuromast anterior to infraorbital series, ventral process of the angulo-articular short and narrow, and dorsal portion of cleithrum elongated. Simpsonichthys is divided into five subgenera, including Spectrolebias, previously considered a separate genus, Simpsonichthys, and three new subgenera, Xenurolebias, Ophthalmolebias, and Hypsolebias. Monophyly of Simpsonichthys is supported by a small pointed dorsal process on the palatine, unbranched fin rays on the tip of the dorsal and anal fins in males, and frontal E-scales overlapped. 

Synchronic historical patterns of species diversification in seasonal aplocheiloid killifishes of the semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga.    Costa, W.J.E.M., Amorim, P.F. & Mattos, J.L.O. (2018)

Info

Abstract

The Caatinga is the largest nucleus of seasonally dry tropical forests in South America, but little is known about the evolutionary history and biogeography of endemic organisms. Evolutionary diversification and distribution of terrestrial vertebrates endemic to the Caatinga have been explained by palaeogeographical Neogene episodes, mostly related to changes in the course of the São Francisco River, the largest river in the region. Our objective is to estimate the timing of divergence of two endemic groups of short-lived seasonal killifishes inhabiting all ecoregions of the Caatinga, testing the occurrence of synchronic events of spatial diversification in light of available data on regional palaeogeography. We performed independent time-calibrated phylogenetic molecular analyses for two clades of sympatric and geographically widespread seasonal killifishes endemic to the Caatinga, the Hypsolebias antenori group and the Cynolebias alpha-clade. Our results consistently indicate that species diversification took place synchronically in both groups, as well as it is contemporary to diversification of other organisms adapted to life in the semi-arid Caatinga, including lizards and small mammals. Both groups originated during the Miocene, but species diversification started between the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene, when global cooling probably favoured the expansion of semi-arid areas. Synchronic diversification patterns found are chronologically related to Tertiary palaeogeographical reorganizations associated to continental drift and to Quaternary climatic changes, corroborating the recent proposal that South American biodiversity has been continuously shaped between the Late Paleogene and Pleistocene.

A new genus of miniature cynolebiasine from the Atlantic Forest and alternative biogeographical explanations for seasonal killifish distribution patterns in South America (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)  (Costa 2014)

 Info:

Abstract The analysis of 78 morphological characters for 16 species representing all the lineages of the tribe Cynopoecilini and three out-groups, indicates that the incertae sedis miniature species ‘Leptolebias’ leitaoi Cruz & Peixoto is the sister group of a clade comprising the genera Leptolebias, Campellolebias, and Cynopoecilus, consequently recognised as the only member of a new genus. Mucurilebias gen. nov. is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies: eye occupying great part of head side, low number of caudal-fin rays (21), distal portion of epural much broader than distal portion of parhypural, an oblique red bar through opercle in both sexes, isthmus bright red in males, a white stripe on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males, and a red stripe on the distal margin of the anal fin in males. Mucurilebias leitaoi is an endangered seasonal species endemic to the Mucuri river basin. The biogeographical analysis of genera of the subfamily Cynolebiasinae using a dispersal-vicariance, event-based parsimony approach indicates that distribution of South American killifishes may be broadly shaped by dispersal events. The analysis supports south-eastern Brazilian coastal plains as the centre of dispersal for cynolebiasine killifishes. Alternative biogeographical explanations are compared and possible dispersal routes and means of dispersal are discussed.