Austrolebias (Costa 1998) 54 Arten
Phylogeny and Classification of Rivulidae revisited: Origin and Evolution of Annualism and Miniaturization in Rivulid Fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidei). J. Comp. Biol., 3 (1), December: 75.
Type-species: by original designation as Cynolebias bellottii Steindachner, 1881.
Type locality: La Plata, Argentina.
Argolebias adrianae, new species ( Felipe Alonso 2024)
Expect the unexpected: a new species of killifish from a highly stochastic temporary wetland near Iguazú Falls (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Felipe Alonso 2024
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 102 (3): 298-314
Unveiling the Secrets of South American Killifish: New Genera and their Evolution
Wilson S. Serra, Guillermo Terán, Pablo Calviño, Jorge A. Barneche, Martín M. Montes, Ignacio García & Felipe Alonso 2023
A recent study investigating the evolution of Austrolebias fish has yielded significant findings regarding their classification and evolutionary history. This study has led to the division of this group into 11 genera, including the identification of 4 new ones, providing valuable insights into the evolution and characteristics of these unique fish. Here, we highlight some of the key aspects of this research that will undoubtedly contribute to future studies and conservation strategies for these species and their habitats.
Austrolebias, new genus group, Felipe Alonso 2023 INFO
Acantholebias (Costa 2008)
Acantholebias quirogai, Loureiro (Duarte .& Zarucki 2011)
Acantholebias luteoflammulatus, (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1964)
Acrolebias (Costa 2008)
Acrolebias carvalhoi (Costa, 1995)
Amatolebias (Alonso et al. , 2023)
Amatolebias patriciae (Huber, 1995), (Foto)
Amatolebias varzeae (Costa Reis & Behr, 2004).
Amatolebias wichi (Alonso, Terán, Calviño, García, Cardoso and García, 2018)
Argolebias (Costa 2008)
Argolebias 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒 (Felipe Alonso et al., 2023)
Argolebias guarani, (Felipe Alonso et al., 2023)
Argolebias nigripinnis Regan 1912. (Foto)
Argolebias paranaensis (Costa, 2006)
Austrolebias (Costa, 1998)
Austrolebias accorsii (D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015)
Austrolebias ayoreode (Drawert [H. A.] & Ergueta [C.] 2024)
Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner, 1881) (Foto)
Austrolebias ephemerus (Volcan MV, Severo-Neto 2019)
Austrolebias melanoorus (Amato, 1986)
Austrolebias queguay (Serra, Loureiro 2018)
Austrolebias univentripinnis (Costa & Cheffe, 2005),
Austrolebias vandenbergi (Huber, 1995),
Cypholebias (Costa 2008)
Cypholebias nonoiuliensis (Taberner, Santos & Castelli, 1975) Synonym of Cypholebias robustus
Cypholebias robustus (Günther, 1883)
Cypholebias cinereus (Amato, 1986)
Garcialebias (Alonso et al. , 2023)
Garcialebias adloffi (C. G. E. Ahl, 1922)
Garcialebias arachan (Loureiro, Azpelicueta & G. B. García, 2004) (Foto)
Garcialebias araucarianus (Costa, 2014)
Garcialebias bagual (Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves, 2014)
Garcialebias botocudo (Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik, 2021)
Garcialebias charrua (Costa & Cheffe, 2001)
Garcialebias cheffei Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021
Garcialebias lourenciano Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021
Garcialebias minuano (Costa & Cheffe, 2001
Garcialebias nachtigalli (Costa & Cheffe, 2006)
Garcialebias nigrofasciatus (Costa & Cheffe, 2001)
Garcialebias nubium (Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik, 2021)
Garcialebias pelotapes (Costa, Cheffe, Amorim 2017)
Garcialebias pongondo (Costa, Cheffe, Amorim 2017)
Garcialebias reicherti Loureiro & Garcia, 2005)
Garcialebias viarius (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra & Paulete, 1964)
Gymnolebias (Costa 2008)
Gymnolebias gymnoventris (Amato, 1986)
Gymnolebias jaegari (Costa & Cheffe, 2002)
Matilebias (Alonso et al., 2023)
Matilebias affinis (Amato, 1986)
Matilebias alexandri (Castello & Lopez, 1974) (Foto)
Matilebias camaquensis (Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés, 2017)
Matilebias cyaneus ( Amato, 1987)
Matilebias duraznensis (Cacia, Scvortzoff & Hernandez 1995)
Matilebias ibicuiensis (Costa, 1999),
Matilebias juanlangi (Costa, Cheffe, Salvia & Litz, 2006),
Matilebias litzi (Costa, 2006),
Matilebias paucisquama (Ferrer, Malabarba & Costa, 2008)
Matilebias periodicus (Costa, 1999),
Matilebias toba (Calviño, 2006).
Megalebias (Costa, 1998)
Megalebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924) (Foto)
Titanolebias (Alonso et al. , 2023)
Titanolebias cheradophilus, (Vazferreira, Sierra & Paulette, 1964)
Titanolebias elongatus (Steindachner, 1881)
Titanolebias monstrosus (Huber, 1995)
Titanolebias prognathus (Amato, 1986)
Austrolebias accorsii D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015
Austrolebias adloffi (C. G. E. Ahl, 1922)
Argolebias 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒 (Felipe Alonso et al., 2023)
Austrolebias affinis (Amato, 1986),
Austrolebias alexandri (Castello & Lopez, 1974),
Austrolebias apaii (Costa, 2006) Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii
Austrolebias arachan (Loureiro, Azpelicueta & G. B. García, 2004)
Austrolebias araucarianus (Costa, 2014)
Austrolebias bagual (Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves, 2014)
Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner, 1881),
Austrolebias botocudo (Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik, 2021)
Austrolebias camaquensis (Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés, 2017)
Austrolebias carvalhoi (Costa, 1995)
Austrolebias charrua (Costa & Cheffe, 2001)
Austrolebias cheffei Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021
Austrolebias cheradophilus, (Vazferreira, Sierra & Paulette, 1964)
Austrolebias cinereus (Amato, 1986),
Austrolebias cyaneus ( Amato, 1987)
Austrolebias duraznensis (Cacia, Scvortzoff & Hernandez 1995), Synonym of Austrolebias affinis
Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner, 1881),
Austrolebias ephemerus (Volcan MV, Severo-Neto 2019)
Austrolebias gymnoventris (Amato, 1986),
Austrolebias holmbergi (Berg [C.] 1897) (Synonym of Austrolebias elongatus)
Austrolebias ibicuiensis (Costa, 1999),
Austrolebias jaegari (Costa & Cheffe, 2002).
Austrolebias juanlangi (Costa, Cheffe, Salvia & Litz, 2006),
Austrolebias litzi (Costa, 2006),
Austrolebias lourenciano Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021
Austrolebias luteoflammulatus Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1964.
Austrolebias luzardoi (Perujo, Calviño, Salvia, Prieto, 2005 Synonym of Austrolebias periodicus
Austrolebias melanoorus (Amato, 1986),
Austrolebias minuano (Costa & Cheffe, 2001
Austrolebias monstrosus (Huber, 1995),
Austrolebias nachtigalli (Costa & Cheffe, 2006)
Austrolebias nigripinnis Regan 1912.
Austrolebias nigrofasciatus (Costa & Cheffe, 2001)
Austrolebias nioni (Berkenkamp, Reichert & Prieto, 1997) Synonym of Austrolebias cinereus
Austrolebias nonoiuliensis (Taberner, Santos & Castelli, 1975).
Austrolebias nubium (Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik, 2021)
Austrolebias paranaensis (Costa, 2006),
Austrolebias patriciae (Huber, 1995),
Austrolebias paucisquama (Ferrer, Malabarba & Costa, 2008)
Austrolebias pelotapes (Costa, Cheffe, Amorim 2017)
Austrolebias periodicus (Costa, 1999),
Austrolebias pongondo (Costa, Cheffe, Amorim 2017)
Austrolebias prognathus (Amato, 1986)
Austrolebias queguay (Serra, Loureiro 2018)
Austrolebias quirogai, Loureiro.,Duarte .& Zarucki 2011.
Austrolebias reicherti Loureiro & Garcia, 2005).
Austrolebias robustus (Günther, 1883),
Austrolebias salviai (Costa 2006) Synonym of Austrolebias reicherti
Austrolebias schreitmuelleri (Schreitmüller 1934) Synonym of Austrolebias wolterstorffi
Austrolebias spinifer (Ahl, 1934) Synonym of Austrolebias elongatus
Austrolebias toba (Calviño, 2006).
Austrolebias univentripinnis (Costa & Cheffe, 2005),
Austrolebias vandenbergi (Huber, 1995),
Austrolebias varzeae (Costa Reis & Behr, 2004).
Austrolebias vazferreirai (Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert & Salvia 1994), Synonym of Austrolebias cinereus
Austrolebias viarius (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra & Paulete, 1964)
Austrolebias wichi (Alonso, Terán, Calviño, García, Cardoso and García, 2018)
Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924).
"Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998"
Marcelo Loureiro, Rafael de Sá, Sebastián W. Serra, Felipe Alonso, Luis Esteban Krause Lanés, Matheus Vieira Volcan, Pablo Calviño, Dalton Nielsen, Alejandro Duarte, Graciela Garcia.
Neotrop. ichthyol. vol.16 no.3 Maringá 2018 Epub Oct 18, 2018
The family Rivulidae is the fourth most diverse clade of Neotropical fishes. Together with some genera of the related African family Nothobranchiidae, many rivulids exhibit a characteristic annual life cycle, with diapausing eggs and delayed embryonic development, which allows them to survive in the challenging seasonal ponds that they inhabit. Rivulidae also includes two species known as the only the self-fertilizing vertebrates and some species with internal fertilization. The first goal of this article is to review the systematics of the family considering phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of subfamilial clades, thus unifying information that is dispersed throughout the literature. From this revision, it is clear that phylogenetic relationships within Rivulidae are poorly resolved, especially in one of the large clades that compose it, the subfamily Rivulinae, where conflicting hypotheses of relationships of non-annual and annual genera are evident. The second goal of this work is to present an updated phylogenetic hypothesis (based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological information) for one of the most speciose genus of Rivulidae, Austrolebias. Our results confirm the monophyly of the genus and of some subgeneric clades already diagnosed, but propose new relationships among them and their species composition, particularly in the subgenus Acrolebias.
Austrolebias accorsii D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015
Austrolebias accorsii, a new annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper rao Grande basin, Amazon basin, Bolivia. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 21 (4): 174, figs. 1-2.
Abstract:
Austrolebias accorsii new species is described from Bolivia, departamento de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande, upper Mamoré basin. This is the first record of the genus Austrolebias at the Amazon basin. Austrolebias accorsii new species is distinguished from other members of the Austrolebias bellottii species group by the following combination of characters: absence of dots or spots on body and fins (vs. presence), absence of bars on body (vs. presence), anal-fin origin between neural spines (13th-14th vs. 5th-11th) in males. Austrolebias accorsii females differ from females of other species of the Austrolebias bellottii species group by the combination of a higher number of anal-fin rays (31-32 vs. 23-30), colour pattern of the sides of body light yellowish brown, without bars; usually 1-3 black spots on anterocentral portion of flanks, surrounded by metallic green spots, black spots of random size and quantity on the posterior portion of the body to the caudal peduncle (vs. with bars, one to sixteen black spots on anterocentral portion of flanks without metallic green spots, absent black spots in peduncle caudal)..
Austrolebias adloffi (C. G. E. Ahl, 1922)
Die Gattung Cynolebias. Blätt. Aquar. -u. Terrarienk., 33 (14): 224.
Type locality: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brasil.
Argolebias 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒 (Felipe Alonso et al., 2023)
𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒, a new species of rivulid killifish is described near the Iguazú Falls, within Iguazú National Park, Argentina.
Updated - 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒, a new species of rivulid killifish is described near the Iguazú Falls, within Iguazú National Park, Argentina.
Paywall - https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2023-0132
Big thank you to lead author on this paper Felipe Alonso (Killifish Foundation) for making the paper available here - https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ANx%5Fvnso8sIE%2DV0&id=8BE948097CF425EC%21100832&cid=8BE948097CF425EC&parId=root&parQt=sharedby&o=OneUp
𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲
Expect the unexpected: a new species of killifish from a highly stochastic temporary wetland near Iguazú Falls (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
Felipe Alonso, Guillermo Enrique Terán, Pablo Calviño, Wilson Sebastián Serra Alanís, Martin Miguel Montes, Ignacio Daniel García, Jorge Adrián Barneche, Liliana Ciotek, Pablo Giorgis, and Jorge Casciotta. 2024. Expect the unexpected: a new species of killifish from a highly stochastic temporary wetland near Iguazú Falls (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 102(3): 298-314. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0132
𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁
We describe 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒, a new species of killifish from a small temporary wetland in the Paraná Forest ecoregion with no regular or predictable temporal pattern of water availability. This habitat is in the Lower Iguazú River Basin, known for its high fish endemism, but until now, only two species of Rivulidae were reported from it, but from the Araucarian Forest ecoregion.
The genus 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 was previously only known from the lower portions of the Paraguay, Paraná, and Uruguay basins and middle Paraná. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its unique coloration, which includes a conspicuously dark grey anterior third portion of the dorsal fin and the absence of iridescent spots on the basal half of the pectoral fin in live adult males, as well as dark grey spots on the anterocentral portion of the flanks of females.
Our phylogenetic analysis shows 𝐴. 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒 to be closely related to 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑖 from the adjacent Middle Paraná basin. We also provide data on the ecology, ontogeny of coloration, and chorion ornamentation of this species.
Our findings have important implications for understanding the biogeography, ecology, and evolution of mechanisms that enable organisms to thrive in highly stochastic environments like this one.
𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆
The name of the species "𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒" is a tribute to Argentinian ichthyologist Dr. Adriana Almirón, in recognition of her significant contributions to neotropical ichthyology. This name “underlines the vital role of women in scientific progress and emphasises the importance of a gender-biased scientific environment".
𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁
𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒, from the paper.
Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published in Canadian Journal of Zoology.
Austrolebias affinis (L. H. Amato, 1986)
Seis Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Stdr, 1876, de Uruguay y Paraguay (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae).
Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11 (162): 6, Pl. 3 (figs. 5-6)
Type locality: Tres Cruces creek, route 5, km 399.5, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.
Austrolebias alexandri (Castello & R. B. López, 1974)
Cynolebias alexandri, a new Species of annual Killifish from Argentina, with notes on C. bellottii. Trop. Fish Hobbyist, 23 (9): 35, fig.
Costa, W.J.E.M., 2003. Rivulidae (South American Annual Fishes). p. 526-548. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Distribution:
South America: Uruguay River basin in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.
Austrolebias alexandri "El Pingo AR 2014/1"
Austrolebias arachan (Loureiro, Azpelicueta & G. B. García, 2004)
Austrolebias arachan (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), a new species of annual fish from northeastern Uruguay. Rev. Suisse Zool., 111 (1): 23, figs. 1-2.
Type locality: close to Route 7 and Arroyo (Creek) Chuy, Laguna Merin basin, Cerro Largo Department, (northeastern) Uruguay.
Austrolebias arachan "Chuy" (Ruta 26-km Arroyo Chuy UYRT 2015-04“ aus Uruguay)
Austrolebias araucarianus (Costa, 2014)
Austrolebias araucarianus, a new seasonal killifish from the Iguaçu river drainage, southern Brazilian Araucarian Plateau Forest (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 97-101, 2 figs., 1 tab., September 2014
Abstract:
Austrolebias araucarianus, a new seasonal killifish from the Iguaçu river drainage, southern Brazilian Araucarian Plateau Forest (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Austrolebias araucarianus, new species, from the Iguaçu river drainage, Paraná river basin, southern Brazil, is described. The species was found in a shallow seasonal swamp, within a forest in the floodplains of a tributary to the Iguaçu river, at an altitude of about 785 m. The type locality is situated in the biogeographical province known as the Araucarian plateau forest. Austrolebias araucarianus differs from all other congeners by the unique colour pattern of males and females, pelvic fins being rudimentary or absent, and the first three neuromasts of the supraorbital series separated from the remaining neuromasts. It is considered as a member of the subgenus Acrolebias, which also includes A. carvalhoi and A. varzeae
Introduction:
The Iguaçu river drainage of the Paraná river basin in southern Brazil occupies an area of about 72 000 km2 and is an important area of endemism for freshwater fishes, as already reported since Haseman (1911). This drainage is situated within the biogeographical province known as the Araucarian Plateau Forest (e.g., Morrone, 2006), a temperate ecosystem that has its name derived from the high occurrence of the Brazilian conifer, Araucaria angustifolia. It is also probably the most endangered Brazilian ecosystem, with the original forest today represented by small isolated fragments and the river drainage highly affected by numerous dams. The only rivulid killifish reported to this region is the rare seasonal species Austrolebias carvalhoi Myers, known from a few specimens collected in the floodplains of the Iguaçu river floodplains within the urban area of the town of União da Vitória (Costa, 1998). During a recent field study to survey killifishes and to assess their conservation, a new species of Austrolebias was collected, which is herein described.
Austrolebias bagual (Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves, 2014)
Austrolebias bagual, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Southern Brazil / ResearchGate
Abstract:
Austrolebias bagual, a new species of annual fish closely related to the A. adloffi species group, is described from specimens collected from temporary ponds located in the middle course of the Rio Camaquã, Laguna dos Patos system at the municipality of Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from other Austrolebias species by the unique male pigmentation pattern of the dorsal fin, with black vertical bars elongated from the base to the medial portion of the fin, and by the pattern of transversal black bars on the body, which become gradually shorter and fainter towards caudal peduncle. It is also distinguished from all species of the A. adloffi species group by the lower body depth and head (except in A. reicherti), lower anal fin base length and caudal fin length in males, and the lower head depth (except in A. reicherti) and anal fin base length in females. In addition, A. bagual females do not have the pair of black spots arranged vertically in close proximity on the posterior portion of caudal peduncle typical of most species of the A. adloffi group.
Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner, 1881
Abstract:
Aim To elucidate the role of vicariance versus dispersal at the microevolutionary scale in annual killifish populations belonging to the Austrolebias bellottii species complex (Rivulidae). Within this complex, A. bellottii and A. apaii have low vagility and occur widely within the study area, making them excellent models for testing biogeographic hypotheses of differentiation.
Location South America, in the Paraná–Uruguay–La Plata river basin.
Methods Molecular data and morphometric analyses were used to reconstruct the phylogeographic history and morphological variation of 24 populations of two taxa of the A. bellottii species complex. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) model-based methods, estimates of clade divergence times implemented in beast, non-metric multidimensional scaling, analysis of molecular variance results, and morphological analyses elucidated the role of vicariance versus dispersal hypotheses in population differentiation in the aforementioned river basin.
Results In the A. bellottii species complex from the Paraná–Uruguay–La Plata river basin, past allopatric fragmentation from vicariance events seems to be the most plausible scenario for diversification since the Late Miocene and more recently since the Plio-Pleistocene. The Plio-Pleistocene vicariance produced the differentiation of three major clades in A. bellottiipopulations. One clade from the eastern Uruguay River drainage was separated from another in western Uruguay and the Paraná–La Plata River drainages. A later vicariance event split populations to the south (lower Paraná–La Plata Basin) and north (middle Paraná) of the western Paraná River drainage. However, our results do not exclude the possibility of dispersal events among A. bellottii populations from both the Uruguay and Paraná river drainages, which could occur in these river basins during hypothesized connectivity cycles of the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene.
Main conclusions Past allopatric fragmentation caused by different vicariance events seems to be the main driver of diversification in the A. bellottii species complex since the Plio-Pleistocene. However, the current molecular data suggest that populations from both drainages of the Paraná–Uruguay rivers may have experienced cycles of connectivity during the Pleistocene, perhaps including multiple vicariance or dispersal events from populations located in the western lower Uruguay River drainage, which encompassed climatic and geological changes in the Paraná–Uruguay–La Plata Basin.
Austrolebias bellottii "Villa Soriano"
Austrolebias botocudo Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik, 2021
Austrolebias nubium Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik, 2021
Two new annual fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) unexpectedly discovered in the highlands of southern Brazil
Zootaxa, 4949 (3): 499-520, figs.
Abstract:
Two new species of Austrolebias are described based on specimens collected from temporary pools located in natural grassland landscape within the Araucaria Forest domain at exceptionally high altitudes (~1000 meters a.s.l.). Austrolebias botocudo sp. n. and Austrolebias nubium sp. n. occur, respectively, in drainages of upper rio Apuaê-Inhandava (upper rio Uruguay basin) and upper rio Taquari-Antas (upper rio Jacuí, Laguna dos Patos basin), in the Meridional Plateau of southern Brazil. Despite an intensive survey conducted in the area, only two populations of each species were recorded. Both new species occurs at altitudes that are among the higher recorded for species of the genus, and both are assigned to the subgenus Acrolebias. The new species described herein are easily distinguished for its congeners by the colour pattern of males, by presence of melanophores irregularly distributed in different parts of the body, contact organs cover the body and anal fins, position of fins related with vertebrae, by preopercular and mandibular series of neuromasts united, by a series of morphometric features and by larger maximum standard length. Austrolebias botocudo and A. nubium are distinguished from each other by colour pattern of males, length of contact organs in the flank and number of contact organs in scales of lateral line, dorsal profile of head, number of neuromasts in the preopercular + mandibular series, body depth in females, and by basihyal cartilage length. Additionally, we discuss the conservation status of the new species, and provided an identification key for the species of the subgenus Acrolebias.
Austrolebias camaquensis (Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés, 2017)
A new annual fish of the genus Austrolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Rio Camaquã basin, Laguna dos Patos system, Brazilian Pampa
Abstract
A new species of Austrolebias is described from the middle course of the Rio Camaquã, Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species belongs to the Austrolebias alexandri species group, which is distinguished from the remaining congeners by the presence of a dark gray pectoral fin with bright blue iridescence in males. The new species is distinguished from all remaining species of the A. alexandri species group by the following combination of characters: presence of well-defined bright blue bars on the flank in males, shorter caudal fin length in males and females, contact organs in the first three rays of the pectoral fin in males, one to two post-optic neuromasts (rarely three), basihyal width of 50% of the length, and basihyal cartilage about 50–60% of the basihyal length. The recognition of this new species belonging to the A. alexandri group endemic of the middle course of Rio Camaquã and the recent discovery of Austrolebias bagual in the same general region reinforces the claim of the middle Rio Camaquã basin as an area of endemism for annual fishes and as such, a priority area for conservation in southern Brazil.
Austrolebias carvalhoi (Costa, 1995)
Pearl Killifishes. The Cynolebiatinae. Systematics and Biogeography of a neotropical annual Fish Subfamily. T.F.H. Pub., Neptune City, New Jersey: 62.
Type locality: rio Iguassú (today Iguaçú) near Porto Uniao, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Austrolebias cheffei Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021
Austrolebias lourenciano Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021
Molecular phylogeny of the Austrolebias/ adloffi/ group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new endangered and highly endemic species of annual killifishes from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil
Abstract:
The Austrolebias adloffi species group encompasses a diverse lineage of annual killifishes that occurs along the Laguna dos Patos/Lagoa Mirim system, in both Brazilian and Uruguayan territories. We herein employ an integrative taxonomy approach to describe two new species of the group, inferring their phylogenetic relationships and evaluating their conservation status. Austrolebias cheffei sp. nov. and Austrolebias lourenciano sp. nov. are herein described from the western portion of the Laguna dos Patos system. Austrolebias cheffei is distinguished from the remaining species of the A. adloffi species group by presenting a yellowish green or yellowish blue dorsal fin, with wide black to dark brown bars extending from the base to the middle portion of the dorsal and anal fins in the males. Austrolebias lourenciano is distinguished from the remaining species of the A. adloffi species group by presenting a yellowish green dorsal fin, with light yellow or light bluish bars forming small triangles, interspersed with small dark brown rows of blotches in the dorsal fin base, and greenish blue anal fin, sometimes with lighter elongated yellowish iridescent blotches, limited to the basal region. According to mitochondrial cytb sequences, both species are reciprocally monophyletic relative to other species of the A. adloffi species group, and present positive barcoding gap values. Interestingly, both new species form a grade that is closely related to Austrolebias aff. minuano 1, an undescribed species that occurs at the opposite margin of the Laguna dos Patos. Among the other evaluated species, A. bagual, A. aff. minuano 1, A. nigrofasciatus, A. pelotapes, A. pongondo, A. arachan, and A. viarius also revealed to be reciprocally monophyletic, whereas A. minuano and A. adloffi revealed to be paraphyletic in regard to A. charrua and A. aff. minuano 2, respectively, and A. nachtigalli is subdivided in two clades, one of which including A. reicherti, which points to the need of a taxonomic review of the group. In addition, we discussed the conservation status of the new species, corrected the type locality of A. pongondo, and provided a dichotomous identification key of the A. adloffi species group.
Austrolebias charrua (Costa & Cheffe, 2001)
Three new annual Fishes of the genus Austrolebias from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil, and a redescription of A. adloffi (Ahl) (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Comunicações Museu Ciências e Tecnologia, PUCRS, sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 14 (2), December: 182, figs. 2-3.
Type locality: near arroio (creek) Chui, road to Barra do Chui, Rio Grande do Sul (close to Uruguay boundary), Brasil
Austrolebias cheradophilus (Vaz Ferreira, Sierra & Paulete, 1964)
Tres Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Steindachner, 1876 (Teleostomi, Cyprinodontidae). Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 8 (102): 14, pls. 3-4.
Type locality: near Arroyo Valizas, departamento Rocha, Uruguay.
Austrolebias cinereus (L. H. Amato, 1986)
Seis Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Stdr, 1876, de Uruguay y Paraguay (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11 (162): 9, pl. 6 (fig. 10).
Type locality: 2 km northwest of Las Viboras creek, on route 21, Colonia, Uruguay.
Austrolebias cyaneus (L. H. Amato, 1987)
Descripcion de Cynolebias cyaneus n.sp., nuevo Pez anual del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11 (163): 2, pls. 1-2.
Type locality: floodlands of Dom Marcos creek, municipio de Río Pardo, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Austrolebias cyaneus "Rio-Pardo"
Austrolebias ephemerus (Volcan MV, Severo-Neto 2019)
Austrolebias ephemerus, a new annual fish from the upper Rio Paraguai basin, Brazilian Chaco
Volcan MV, Severo-Neto 2019
F. Zootaxa 4560 (3): 541–553
AbstractA new species of Austrolebias belonging to the A. bellottii species group is herein described from the Brazilian Chaco, Mato Grosso do Sul state, constituting the northernmost record of the genus in Brazil, as well as the first record of this genus on the left bank of the Rio Paraguai. The new species is distinguished from all other species of the A. bellottii group by the following combination of characters: pectoral fin posterior margin reaching vertical between base of 4th and 7th anal fin rays in females, a high number of gill rakers in the first branchial arch, a lower head width in both sexes, and a small number of neuromasts in the preopercular series. Additionally, we provide information on ecology and the conser-vation status of the new species.
Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner, 1881)
Megalebias elongatus -Sitzung der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse von 5 Mai 1881. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 18 (11): 98.
Type locality: La Plata, Argentina.
Austrolebias ephemerus (Volcan MV, Severo-Neto 2019)
Austrolebias ephemerus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new annual fish from the upper Rio Paraguai basin, Brazilian Chaco.
Zootaxa 4560 (no. 3): 541-553.
Abstract
A new species of Austrolebias belonging to the A. bellottii species group is herein described from the Brazilian Chaco, Mato Grosso do Sul state, constituting the northernmost record of the genus in Brazil, as well as the first record of this genus on the left bank of the Rio Paraguai. The new species is distinguished from all other species of the A. bellottii group by the following combination of characters: pectoral fin posterior margin reaching vertical between base of 4th and 7th anal fin rays in females, a high number of gill rakers in the first branchial arch, a lower head width in both sexes, and a small number of neuromasts in the preopercular series. Additionally, we provide information on ecology and the conservation status of the new species.
Austrolebias gymnoventris (L. H. Amato, 1986)
Seis Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Stdr, 1876, de Uruguay y Paraguay (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11 (162): 2, pl. 1.
Type locality: India Muerta creek, 150 m from the bridge on route 13, near Velázquez, Rocha, Uruguay.
Austrolebias ibicuiensis (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1999)
Cynolebias ibicuiensis, a new annual Fish from the Rio Ibicu Basin, southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Rev. fr. Aquariol. Herpétol., 25 (1998), (3-4): 93.
Type locality: between Sao Pedro do Sul and Santa Maria (road BR-287), rio Ibicui-Mirim, Ibicui basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Austrolebias lourenciano (Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Krause Lanés, 2021)
Molecular phylogeny of the Austrolebias/ adloffi/ group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new endangered and highly endemic species of annual killifishes from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil
Austrolebias jaegari W. J. E. M. Costa & Cheffe, 2002
Austrolebias jaegari (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae): a new annual Fish from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil, with a Redescription of A. gymnoventris (Amato). Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 6 (2), 84, figs. 1-2
Type locality: Banhado do Timba, Corredor das Tropas, Pelotas district, Rio Grande do Sul province, (southeastern) Brasil.
Austrolebias juanlangi (Costa, Cheffe, Salvia & Litz, 2006)
The South American annual Killifish Genus Austrolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationships, descriptive Morphology and Taxonomic Revision. Zootaxa, (1213): 87, fig. 34.)
South America: Dos Patos lagoon system and Uruguay River basin.
Austrolebias juanlangi "Parque-Rivera"
Argolebias nigripinnis (Regan, 1912) neu
A Revision of the Poeciliid Fishes of the Genera Rivulus, Pterolebias, and Cynolebias. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 8 (10): 508.
Type locality: Río de la Plata, Argentina.
Argolebias nigripinnis
Argolebias nigripinnis "Ceibas MSL 1991/2"
Argolebias nigripinnisbias "La Peregrina"
Argolebias nigripinnis "Rosario del Tala"
Austrolebias nigrofasciatus (Costa & Cheffe, 2001)
Three new annual Fishes of the genus Austrolebias from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil, and a redescription of A. adloffi (Ahl) (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Comunicações Museu Ciências e Tecnologia, PUCRS, sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 14 (2), December: 187, figs. 6-7.
Type locality: Ponta da Barra, Laranjal beach, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, (southeastern) Brasil.
Austrolebias nonoiuliensis (Taberner, Fernández-Santos & Castelli, 1974)
Datos para conocimento de Cynolebias nonoiuliensis sp. nov. (Cyprinodontidae). Physis, b33 (87): 187, fig.
Type locality: Nueve de Julio, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Austrolebias paranaensis (Costa, 2006)
The South American annual Killifish Genus Austrolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationships, descriptive Morphology and Taxonomic Revision. Zootaxa, (1213): 81, fig. 32.
Type locality: 2 km east of Ayolas, Misiones, Paraguay.
Austrolebias patriciae (Huber, 1995)
Nouvelles Collections de Cyprinodontes paraguayens, avec Description de 4 Espèces Rivulines inédites et Redécouverte d'une Espèce à la Localité typique jusqu'alors indéterminée. Assoc. Killiphile Francophone de Belgique, Killi Contact, Aug. 23 (2): 6, fig. 2
Type locality: along the road to Clorinda, Presidente Hayes Departamento, ca. 500 m south of río Negro, Paraguay.
Austrolebias patriciae "Cruce Ferrocarril AAK 2012/35"
Austrolebias paucisquama (Ferrer, Malabarba & Costa, 2008)
Austrolebias paucisquama (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new species of annual killifish from Southern Brazil. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 6(2):175-180.
Distribution: a temporary pool in the rio Vacacaí drainage, rio Jacuí tributary, laguna dos Patos drainage in Brazil.
Abstract:
Austrolebias paucisquama is described from the rio Vacacaí drainage, a tributary to the rio Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species belongs to the Austrolebias alexandri species-group, by sharing the apomorphic bright blue iridescence and dark gray pectoral fins in males. It is distinguished from other species of this group by having fewer scales around caudal peduncle (12) and fewer dorsal-fin rays in males (17-21). The lack of contact organs on the inner surface of the pectoral fin in males and the color pattern of females - ground color light brownish, sides of body with a variable number of relatively large dark black spots distributed mostly on posterior portion of body - distinguish A. paucisquama from all other species of the genus. Austrolebias paucisquama, uma nova espécie de peixe anual é descrita da bacia do rio Vacacaí, tributário do rio Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A nova espécie pertence ao grupo Austrolebias alexandri, que apresenta duas apomorfias, pontos azuis claros e nadadeiras peitorais cinza escuro nos machos. Distingue-se das outras espécies do grupo pelo reduzido número de escamas ao redor do pedúnculo caudal (12) e pelo menor número de raios na nadadeira dorsal dos machos (17-21). A ausência de órgãos de contato na superfície interior das nadadeiras peitorais nos machos e o padrão de colorido das fêmeas - flancos marrom claro com variável número de pontos pretos relativamente alongados distribuídos principalmente na porção posterior - distinguem A. paucisquama das outras espécies do gênero.
Austrolebias paucisquama "TT São Sepé"
Austrolebias periodicus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1999)
Cynolebias periodicus, a new annual Fish from the Rio Ibicui drainage, southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyol. ExpIor. Freshwaters, 10 (4): 299, figs. 1-2.
Type locality: 4 km west of Dom Pedrito on road BR-293, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brasil.
Austrolebias pelotapes (Costa, Cheffe, Amorim 2017)
Austrolebias pongondo (Costa, Cheffe, Amorim 2017)
Two new seasonal killifishes of the Austrolebias adloffi group from the Lagoa dos Patos basin, southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae)
Vertebrate Zoology, 67 (2): 139-149, 2017
Abstract:
Morphological characters and phylogenetic trees generated by analyses of a segment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b support two new species from the Lagoa dos Patos basin, in southern Brazil. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that the two new species are each other’s respective closest relatives among species of A. adloffi group. The clade comprising the two new species is supported as being more closely related to A. adloffi than to A. nigrofasciatus that is endemic to the same area. Austrolebias pelotapes Costa & Cheffe n. sp. is distinguished from all other species of the A. adloffi group by having the urogenital papilla base attached by a thin membrane to the anterior margin of the anal fin in males; it is endemic to an area containing temporary pools and swamps associated to small streams tributaries to the northern margin of the São Gonçalo channel, just about 10 km from the area inhabited by A. nigrofasciatus. Austrolebias pongondo Costa & Cheffe n. sp., from temporary pools and swamps in the floodplains south of the São Gonçalo channel, and A. pelotapes are distinguished from all other species of the A. adloffi group by a combination of character states, including the presence of a transverse row of small spots on the middle portion of the dorsal fin in males, unpaired fins with a single row of light blue spots on their basal portion in males, a distinctive dark grey zone on the posterior portion of the dorsal and anal fins, and caudal peduncle in males predominantly dark brownish grey or dark grey to black, with narrow vertical light blue zones.
Austrolebias prognathus (Amato, 1986)
Seis Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Stdr, 1876, de Uruguay y Paraguay (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11 (162): 7, pl. 4 (fig. 7).
Type locality: Maravillas, 13 km from route 9, La Coronilla, departamento Rocha, Uruguay.
Austrolebias quirogai (Loureiro, Duarte & Zarucki, 2011)
A new species of Austrolebias Costa (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from northeastern Uruguay, with comments on distribution patterns. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 9(2):335-342.
Distribution: Temporary ponds from the middle to the upper and eastern río Negro tributaries (río Uruguay basin), and río Yaguarón (Laguna Merín basin) in Uruguay.
ABSTRACT
A new species of Austrolebias is described based on individuals from the middle and upper río Negro (río Uruguay basin) and río Yaguarón (Patos-Merín system). The new species can be differentiated from all other species of the genus by the unique presence in males of uniform bluish gray pigmentation on flanks (without vertical bands) and unpaired fins. The new species is also distinguished by the combination of characters associated with a reduction of the squamation of the abdominal, preopercular, and opercular regions. The new species presents some morphological characteristics similar to A. gymnoventris and A. luteoflammulatus. The distribution of the new species is concordant with three other species of Austrolebias and may represent a case of drainage rearrangement of the río Negro upstream tributaries (río Uruguay basin) and tributaries of laguna Merín system.
Austrolebias queguay (Serra, Loureiro 2018)
Austrolebias queguay (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), a new species of annual killifish endemic to the lower Uruguay river basin (Wilson S. Serra, Marcelo Loureiro 2018)
Abstract:
In this article we describe a new species of the annual fish genus Austrolebias from the lower Uruguay river basin. The fusion of the urogenital papilla to the first anal fin ray in males and the pigmentation pattern, indicates a close relationship with the clade formed by A. bellottii, A. melanoorus, and A. univentripinnis. The new species can be differentiated from those by the following combination of characters: presence of well-defined light bands contrasting with the sides of the body, the distal portion of the anal fin dark gray, pelvic fins dark bluish green and bases united at about 50–80% on their medial margins, pectoral fins with iridescent blue sub-marginal band, and general coloration of body bluish green. The new species can only be found in wetlands of the Queguay river, an area included in the Uruguayan protected areas system and represents so far the only annual fish species endemic to the lower Uruguay river basin.
Austrolebias reicherti (Loureiro & G. B. García, 2004)
Cynolebias reicherti, a new annual fish species (Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from southern Laguna Merín basin. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 48 (1-2), (2004): 16, fig. 2.
Type locality: 300 m east from Route 18, 1 km north to Vergara City, Departamento de Treinta y Tres, southwestern Laguna Merín basin, Uruguay.
Austrolebias robustus (Günther, 1883)
On a new Species of Cynolebias from the Argentina Republic. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 5 (11): 140.
Type locality: within 10 miles (16 kms) of (Cabo) San Antonio (entrance to Estancia Los Yngleses, subseq.), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Austrolebias toba (Calviño, 2006)
Austrolebias toba (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), una especie nueva de pez annual de la Argentina. Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. 7(2):183-190
Distribution: Lower rio Bermejo basin in Argentina.
Abstract
Resumen Austrolebias toba (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new species of annual fish from Argentina. Austrolebias toba sp. n. is described from temporary ponds of the lower río Bermejo basin, in the proximity of the mouth, from Chaco province, Argentina. This new species, is distinguished from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin origin anterior to anal-fin origin; dorsal profile of head straight or slightly concave; male body green bluish with some light small dots arranged on vertical lines on flank; very small dots light blue iridescent scattered on unpaired fins; a longitudinal stripe light blue on upper half of dorsal fin of male; dorsal-fin base longer that anal-fin base; pectoral and pelvic fins green bluish; median and posterior dorsal-fin rays of females longer than remainig ones forming an acute posterior tip; round black spots on anterior and middle portion of flank of female. Additional data of the habitat and behaviour in aquarium are added.
Austrolebias univentripinnis (Costa & Cheffe, 2005)
Austrolebias univentripinnis sp. nov. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new annual killifish from the Mirim Lagoon basin, southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 1052: 44, fig. 1.
Type locality: Telho, about 200 m from Jaguarão River bank, tributary to Mirim Lagoon, Patos Lagoon system, Município de Jaguarão, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (near border with Uruguay), (southeastern) Brasil.
Austrolebias vandenbergi (Huber, 1995), Valid as Austrolebias vandenbergorum
Nouvelles collections de cyprinodontes paraguayens, avec description de 4 espèce rivulines inédites et redécouverte d'une espèce à la localité typique jusqu'alors indéterminée. Association Killiphile Francophone de Belgique. Killi-Contact - Périodique bimestriel Spec. publ.: 1-25.
Abstract
We report a new record of Austrolebias vandenbergi from the Gran Chaco of southeastern Bolivia and present a distribution map with known localities for this species. We also provide information on the diet and female fecundity of these Bolivian specimens.
Austrolebias varzeae (Costa Reis & Behr, 2004).
Austrolebias varzeae, a new annual fish from the upper rio Uruguay basin, southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 2 (1) : 14, fig. 1.
Type locality: Fazenda dos Branda, close to the rio da Varzea, Carazinho, rio Uruguay basin, Rio Grande do Sul state, (southeastern) Brasil.
Abstract:
Austrolebias varzeae n. sp. is described from rio da Várzea floodplains, upper rio Uruguay basin, southern Brazil. It seems to be closely related to A. carvalhoi (Myers), with which it shares a similar color pattern of male and an apomorphic morphology of the autopalatine. The new species differs from A. carvalhoi by having more anal-fin rays in males and more caudal-fin rays. Austrolebias varzeae is distinguished from all other species of the genus by a unique color pattern, in which there are three distinctively darker and narrower bars on the anterior portion of male flank. Putative close relationships between A. varzeae and A. carvalhoi suggest a closely related biogeographic history between upper Uruguay and upper Iguaçu River basins, corroborated by a biogeographic pattern of the anablepid genus Jenynsia. Austrolebias varzeae sp. n. é descrita da várzea do rio da Várzea, bacia do rio Uruguai superior, sul do Brasil. Ela parece estar estreitamente aparentada a A. carvalhoi, com a qual compartilha um padrão de colorido similar e uma morfologia apomórfica do autopalatino. A nova espécie difere de A. carvalhoi por possuir mais raios na nadadeira anal de machos e mais raios na nadadeira caudal. Austrolebias varzeae se distingue de todas as espécies do gênero por um padrão de colorido exclusivo, no qual há três barras distintivamente mais estreitas e mais escuras na porção anterior do flanco do macho. As supostas estreitas relações de parentesco entre A. varzeae e A. carvalhoi sugerem uma história biogeográfica intimamente relacionada entre as bacias do rio Uruguai e do rio Iguaçu superiores, corroborada por um padrão biogeográfico do gênero anablepídeo Jenynsia.
Austrolebias wichi (Alonso, Terán, Calviño, García, Cardoso and García, 2018)
DISCOVER OF A NEW SPECIES FOR SCIENCE OF SEASONAL KILLIFISH IN A CRITICAL STATE OF CONSERVATION FROM THE WESTERN CHACOAN REGION
A new species for science has just been published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE. The work was carried out by scientists from CONICET and the Killifish Research and Conservation Group (GICK) from Argentina in collaboration with a researcher from the University of the Republic of Uruguay. The new species belongs to a particular group of fish that live in temporary aquatic environments known as "annual fish" or seasonal, belonging to the order Cyprinodontiformes and are called killifish or "killifish" in the aquarium world.
These fish inhabit aquatic environments that dry completely during a part of the year in which the eggs remain in the substrate hatching with the arrival of the rains. For this reason, the local people know these fish as "the fish that fall with the rains". The annual fish genus Austrolebias has 48 species, of which 10 inhabit Argentina including this new species, distributed in the Plata basin and coastal basins of Southern Brazil, Uruguay and Buenos Aires. The new species is known from a single pond in the Bermejo basin in the western Chacoan region or semi-arid Chaco region, and its conservation status is critical due to the impact of anthropogenic activities such as the channeling of wetlands, deforestation and the advance of the agricultural frontier and the use of agrochemicals. The name of the new species is dedicated to the wichi ethnic group that lives in the area where this new species was discovered.
Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924)
Über einige neue Fische aus Südamerika. Zool. Anz., 58: 359.
Type locality: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brasil
Synonyme: Megalebias wolterstorffi
Austrolebias wolterstorffi "Porto Alegre"
Phylogeography of the critically endangered neotropical annual fish, Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae): genetic and morphometric evidence of a new species complex
Daiana K. Garcez, Crislaine Barbosa, Marcelo Loureiro, Matheus V. Volcan,
Daniel Loebmann & Fernando M. Quintela
Abstract
Austrolebias wolterstorffi is a critically endangered annual fish, occurring in temporary ponds in a restricted area of Southern Brazil and Uruguay. Here, we evaluate the levels of genetic diversity and morphometric differentiation presented by A. wolterstorffi, attempting to reconstruct the spatiotemporal scenario by which this species reached their current distribution. Part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear rhodopsin genes were characterized and analysed for a set of 122 and 110 specimens, respectively, collected along the entire distribution range of the species. Additionally, shape variations were evaluated for 92 individuals (43 males and 49 females) through geometric morphometric methods. Our analyses demonstrated several cases of significantly high levels of genetic differentiation among individual populations, in an isolation-by-distance pattern of divergence, with at least six different population groups along the Patos-Mirim lagoon. These groups differed by a minimum of 0.9% and a maximum of 2.6% of corrected cyt b nucleotide distances and did not share any mitochondrial haplotype. Such a pattern, added to the slight morphometric differentiation detected for most of the groups, suggests the occurrence of incipient speciation as consequence of allopatric fragmentation. The chronophylogenetic tree performed with the concatenated dataset supported independent oriental and occidental colonization routes, with the population located in the northwest part of the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain presenting the most ancient divergence. In general, the recovered biogeographic patterns are highly consistent with the records of Quaternary climatic changes and depositional events that have occurred along the area inhabited by the studied species. This allowed us to establish a molecular clock calibration system for Neotropical annual fish. Thus, although the taxonomic status of each of the detected population units needs further study, it is clear that independent conservation strategies must be taken in each of the major areas covered by this study, most of which are located in Brazil.
A new genus of miniature cynolebiasine from the Atlantic Forest and alternative biogeographical explanations for seasonal killifish distribution patterns in South America (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) (Costa 2014)
Abstract The analysis of 78 morphological characters for 16 species representing all the lineages of the tribe Cynopoecilini and three out-groups, indicates that the incertae sedis miniature species ‘Leptolebias’ leitaoi Cruz & Peixoto is the sister group of a clade comprising the genera Leptolebias, Campellolebias, and Cynopoecilus, consequently recognised as the only member of a new genus. Mucurilebias gen. nov. is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies: eye occupying great part of head side, low number of caudal-fin rays (21), distal portion of epural much broader than distal portion of parhypural, an oblique red bar through opercle in both sexes, isthmus bright red in males, a white stripe on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males, and a red stripe on the distal margin of the anal fin in males. Mucurilebias leitaoi is an endangered seasonal species endemic to the Mucuri river basin. The biogeographical analysis of genera of the subfamily Cynolebiasinae using a dispersal-vicariance, event-based parsimony approach indicates that distribution of South American killifishes may be broadly shaped by dispersal events. The analysis supports south-eastern Brazilian coastal plains as the centre of dispersal for cynolebiasine killifishes. Alternative biogeographical explanations are compared and possible dispersal routes and means of dispersal are discussed.
Austrolebias litzi W. J. E. M. (Costa, 2006)
Type locality: about 2,5 km of arroio Arenal, about 12 km from Santa Maria, road BR-392, upper rio Jacui drainage, laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil.
Austrolebias luteoflammulatus (Vaz Ferreira, Sierra & Scaglia , 1964)
Tres Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Steindachner, 1876 (Teleostomi, Cyprinodontidae). Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 8 (102): 25, pls. 5-6.
Type locality: near Arroyo Valizas, departamento Rocha, Uruguay.
Info:
Austrolebias melanoorus (L. H. Amato, 1986)
Seis Especies nuevas del Genero Cynolebias Stdr, 1876, de Uruguay y Paraguay (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11 (162): 4, pl. 2 (figs. 3-4).
Type locality: Tres Cruces creek, route 5, km 399.5, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.
Austrolebias minuano (Costa & Cheffe, 2001
Three new annual Fishes of the genus Austrolebias from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil, and a redescription of A. adloffi (Ahl) (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Comunicações Museu Ciências e Tecnologia, PUCRS, sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 14 (2), December: 185, figs. 4-5.
Type locality: 4.5 km north of Quinta, Rio Grande do Sul, (southeastern) Brasil.
Info:
Austrolebias monstrosus (Huber, 1995)
Nouvelles Collections de Cyprinodontes paraguayens, avec Description de 4 Espèces Rivulines inédites et Redécouverte d'une Espèce à la Localité typique jusqu'alors indéterminée. Assoc. Killiphile Francophone de Belgique, Killi Contact, Aug. 23 (2): 9, fig. 4.
Type locality: near La Serena, Boqueron Department, Paraguay.
Austrolebias nachtigalli (Costa & Cheffe, 2006)
The South American annual Killifish Genus Austrolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic Relationships, descriptive Morphology and Taxonomic Revision. Zootaxa, (1213): 81, fig. 32.
Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Arroio Grande, road BR-116